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排序方式: 共有362条查询结果,搜索用时 406 毫秒
1.
We report a simple processing method to simultaneously improve the efficiency and stability of organic solar cells (OSCs). Poly(4-styrene sulfonate)-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy-thiophene (PEDOT:PSS), widely used as hole transport layer (HTL) in OSCs, tends to accelerate the degradation of devices because of its hygroscopic and acidic properties. In this regard, we have modified PEDOT:PSS to reduce its hygroscopic and acidic properties through a condensation reaction between PEDOT:PSS and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (PEGME) in order to improve the efficiency and stability of OSCs. As a result, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) increased by 21%, from 2.57% up to 3.11%. A better energy level alignment by the reduced work function of the modified PEDOT:PSS with a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) is considered the origin of the improved the efficiency. The half-life of OSCs with PEDOT:PSS modified with PEGME buffer layer also increased up to 3.5 times compared to that of devices with pristine PEDOT:PSS buffer layer. 相似文献
2.
Waveguide configurations of hierarchical system are proposed as new microstructures for composites in absorbing enhancement. Supercritical fluid (SCF) one-pot exfoliation of layered graphite and manganese oxide mixing materials is developed to obtain a hierarchical system, containing graphene nanosheets (GNS) and exfoliated manganese oxides (EMO) in different sizes. Composites with GNS–EMO embedded in epoxy resin matrix are produced for a design of dielectric and magnetic loss integrated absorber. Volume fraction of GNS–EMO in composites is given for an optimal quantity of resin epoxy in fixation and formation. The effect of mixing ratios between electric and magnetic components is provided for the design of dielectric and magnetic loss integrated absorbers. Frequency shifting phenomena are revealed in the component adjusting course. Excluding the offsetting sizes, reflection loss of composites is enhanced as thickness increases. Synergistic effect of electric and magnetic coordinated materials demonstrates the superiority of micro-waveguide structures in GNS–EMO composite absorber. 相似文献
3.
《Ceramics International》2020,46(15):23417-23426
Yttria stabilized hafnia (Hf0.84Y0.16O1.92, YSH16) coatings were sprayed by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). The effects of thermal aging at 1400 °C on the microstructures, mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of the coatings were studied. The results show that the as-sprayed coating was composed of the cubic phase, and the nano-sized monoclinic (M) phase was precipitated in the annealed coating. The presence of M phase effectively constrained the sintering of the coating due to its superior sintering-resistance. The Young's modulus kept at a nearly same level of ~78 GPa even after annealing, and the coating annealed for 6 h yielded a maximum value of hardness but revealed a declining tendency in the Vicker's hardness with prolonged sintering time. The thermal conductivity increased from 0.8-0.95 W m-1 K-1 at as-sprayed state to 1.6 W m-1 K-1 after annealing at 1400 °C for 96 h. The dual-phase coating is promising to serve at temperatures above 1400 °C due to its excellent thermal stability and mechanical properties. 相似文献
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5.
The two-dimensional finite-element method is applied to analyze the shrinkage and splitting of microcracks regularly arranged
on or perpendicular to a grain boundary under pressure. Grain-boundary and surface diffusions are coupled by the boundary
conditions at the triple point of the microcrack surface and the grain boundary. The shrinkage and splitting processes for
the two kinds of microcracks are revealed by detailed finite-element analyses. For the microcrack lying on a grain boundary,
it first shrinks to a small void shape, then the void is split by the grain boundary and the two split voids assume a cylindrical
shape under the capillary force of the surface. For the microcrack perpendicular to the grain boundary, it is split into two
segments by the grain boundary during the early stage of shrinkage. Then, the split microcracks stop shrinking and evolve
into two cylindrical channels with a circular section by the capillary force of the surface. These evolution processes are
controlled by the applied pressure, microcrack spacing, ratio of grain-boundary diffusion to surface diffusion, and equilibrium
dihedral angle, defined by surface and grain-boundary tensions. The influences of these controlled parameters on the evolution
processes are numerically clarified based on a great number of finite-element analyses. 相似文献
6.
马尔可夫(Markov)链理论是用来描述随时间(空间)变化的一个离散状态序列的状态转移特性的,本文将其引入来研究土壤剖面多环芳烃有机污染物的垂向变化规律,建立了基于空间离散化的马尔可夫(Markov)链理论数学模型及垂向归趋极限.研究结果表明,基于空间离散化的马尔可夫(Markov)链理论数学模型及垂向归趋极限能够很好地模拟区域土壤剖面多环芳烃(菲)的垂向变化特征,并有迁移规律的识别功能. 相似文献
7.
《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2021,41(14):6859-6868
Electrospun unidirectional SiC fibers reinforced SiCf/SiC composites (e-SiCf/SiC) were prepared with ∼10% volume fraction by polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) process. Pyrolysis temperature was varied to investigate the changes in microstructures, mechanical, thermal, and dielectric properties of e-SiCf/SiC composites. The composites prepared at 1100 °C exhibit the highest flexural strength of 286.0 ± 33.9 MPa, then reduced at 1300 °C, mainly due to the degradation of electrospun SiC fibers, increased porosity, and reaction-controlled interfacial bonding. The thermal conductivity of e-SiCf/SiC prepared at 1300 °C reached 2.663 W/(m∙K). The dielectric properties of e-SiCf/SiC composites were also investigated and the complex permittivities increase with raising pyrolysis temperature. The e-SiCf/SiC composites prepared at 1300 °C exhibited EMI shielding effectiveness exceeding 24 dB over the whole X band. The electrospun SiC fibers reinforced SiCf/SiC composites can serve as a potential material for structural components and EMI shielding applications in the future. 相似文献
8.
《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2021,41(13):6196-6206
Creep properties of 2D woven CVI and PIP SiC/SiC composites with Sylramic™-iBN SiC fibers were measured at temperatures to 1650 °C in air and the data was compared with the literature. Batch-to-batch variations in the tensile and creep properties, and thermal treatment effects on creep, creep parameters, damage mechanisms, and failure modes for these composites were studied. Under the test conditions, the CVI SiC/SiC composites exhibited both matrix and fiber-dominated creep depending on stress, whereas the PIP SiC/SiC composites displayed only fiber-dominated creep. Creep durability in both composite systems is controlled by the most creep resistant phase as well as oxidation of the fibers via cracking matrix. Specimen-to- specimen variations in porosity and stress raisers caused significant differences in creep behavior and durability. The Larson-Miller parameter and Monkman-Grant relationship were used wherever applicable for analyzing and predicting creep durability. 相似文献
9.
《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2021,41(14):6791-6804
The toughening mechanism in continuous fiber toughened ZrB2-SiC ceramic matrix (Cf/ZrB2-SiC) composites was studied upon introduction of pyrolytic carbon coating at the fiber/matrix interface. The real-time deformation behavior, surface crack initiation and evolution of Cf/ZrB2-SiC composites under tensile load were studied using in-situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the typical damage modes and toughening mechanisms. A refined microscopic representative volume element (RVE) inserting the cohesive zone elements was established to study the PyC interface layer damage by using finite element method. It was found that PyC interface layer damage induced by thermal residual stress (TRS) was one of critical factors affecting the mechanical performance of the Cf/ZrB2-SiC composites. The critical thickness of the interface layer was also further determined by analyzing the effect of interface layer thickness on the distribution of TRS, which can guide the design of PyC interface layer for manufacturing the Cf/ZrB2-SiC composites. 相似文献
10.